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New Democracy (Greece)

New Democracy
Νέα Δημοκρατία
Néa Dimokratía
AbbreviationND (ΝΔ)
PresidentKyriakos Mitsotakis
Vice PresidentsAdonis Georgiadis[1]
Kostis Hatzidakis[1]
SecretaryMaria Syrengela
SpokespersonNikos Romanos
FounderKonstantinos Karamanlis
Founded4 October 1974 (1974-10-04)
Preceded byNational Radical Union
Centre Union (partially; unofficial)
Student wingDemocratic Renewal Vanguard - New Democratic Student Movement (abbr. ΔΑΠ - ΝΔΦΚ) (universities' organization)
Student Independent Movement (abbr. MAKI) (school organization, quasi-dormant)
Youth wingYouth Organisation of New Democracy
FoundationConstantinos Karamanlis Institute for Democracy
Trade union wingDemocratic Independent Movement of Workers (ΔΑΚΕ)
IdeologyLiberal conservatism[2]
Christian democracy[3][2]
Conservatism[3]
Neoliberalism[3]
Political positionCentre-right to right-wing
European affiliationEuropean People's Party
International affiliationCentrist Democrat International
International Democracy Union
European Parliament groupEuropean People's Party
Colours  Blue
Slogan"Steadily, Boldly, Forward"
"Σταθερά, Τολμηρά, Μπροστά"
Anthem
"Νέα Δημοκρατία"[4]
"New Democracy"
Parliament
158 / 300
European Parliament
6 / 21
Regional governors
8 / 13
Regional councillors
226 / 611
Mayors
25 / 332
Party flag
Flag of New Democracy
Website
nd.gr Edit this at Wikidata

New Democracy (ND; Greek: Νέα Δημοκρατία, romanized: Néa Dimokratía, IPA: [ˈnea ðimokraˈti.a]) is a liberal-conservative[5][6][7] political party in Greece. In contemporary Greek politics, New Democracy has been the main centre-right[17] to right-wing[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] political party and one of the two major parties along with its historic rival, the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK). New Democracy and PASOK were created in the wake of the toppling of the military junta in 1974, ruling Greece in succession for the next four decades. Following the electoral decline of PASOK, New Democracy remained one of the two major parties in Greece, the other being the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA). The party was founded in 1974 by Konstantinos Karamanlis and in the same year it formed the first cabinet of the Third Hellenic Republic. New Democracy is a member of the European People's Party, the largest European political party since 1999, the Centrist Democrat International,[26] and the International Democracy Union.[27]

The support of New Democracy comes from a wide electorate base ranging from centrists to conservatives and from nationalists to post-modernists. From a geographical perspective, its main support base is in the rural areas of Greece as well as the city centers of Athens and Thessaloniki. Its support is generally weaker in areas like Arta, Achaia and Crete, with the exception of some parts in Chania and Rethymno. Traditionally, New Democracy receives the greatest percentages in Laconia, Messenia, Kastoria and Serres. Having spent four and a half years in opposition to SYRIZA's government, New Democracy regained its majority in the Hellenic Parliament and returned to government under Kyriakos Mitsotakis after the 2019 Greek legislative election. The party secured an absolute majority in Parliament in the June 2023 Greek legislative election.

The party has garnered acclaim for its strides in economic development since 2019, notably emphasizing digitization[28] and post-crisis recovery economics, after delivering economic growth.[29] New Democracy has received accolades for its commitment to liberal reforms and a robust emphasis on pro-Europeanism,[30] successfully securing funds from the European Union to fuel domestic development initiatives.[31] Furthermore, commendation has been extended to the party for effectively reducing both overall unemployment and youth unemployment[32][33] in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

New Democracy has also faced criticism for its role in the fiscal crisis that engulfed Greece in the late 2000s to the 2010s, as well as its financial management during the 2000s.[34] Numerous academic scholars have highlighted the party's penchant for lacking transparency concerning financial data and resource utilization,[35][36][37][38] which has raised concerns about their accountability as a political entity within the country.[39][40] Moreover, New Democracy has come under fire for its substantial debt to the Greek state, amounting to a staggering 435 million Euros as of 2023.[41][42][43]

  1. ^ a b "Kostis Hatzidakis and Adonis Georgiadis appointed New Democracy VPs". To Vima. 18 January 2016.
  2. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Greece". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "Νέα Δημοκρατία". VouliWatch. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  4. ^ "Αυτά είναι τα τραγούδια της ΝΔ: Ο "Ανώνυμος Οννεδίτης" του Ουίλιαμς και τα έντεχνα του Χατζηκοκόλη!". The Caller. 28 January 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  5. ^ José M. Magone (2003). The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration into the European Union. Praeger. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-275-97787-0.
  6. ^ Derek W. Urwin (2014). The Community of Europe: A History of European Integration Since 1945. Routledge. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-317-89252-6.
  7. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Greece". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  8. ^ Pappas, Takis S.; Dinas, Elias (1 December 2006). "From Opposition to Power: Greek Conservatism Reinvented". South European Society and Politics. 11 (3–4): 477–495. doi:10.1080/13608740600856520. ISSN 1360-8746. S2CID 154267629.
  9. ^ Thomson, Robert (15 September 2011). Resolving Controversy in the European Union: Legislative Decision-Making before and after Enlargement. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-50517-8.
  10. ^ Bailey, David; Waele, Jean-Michel De; Escalona, Fabien; Vieira, Mathieu (19 November 2014). European Social Democracy During the Global Economic Crisis: Renovation Or Resignation?. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-9195-7.
  11. ^ Hutter, Swen; Kriesi, Hanspeter (27 June 2019). European Party Politics in Times of Crisis. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-48379-7.
  12. ^ Montgomery, Molly (9 July 2019). "The center right ousts leftists in Greece". Brookings. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  13. ^ "Greek elections: landslide victory for centre-right New Democracy party". the Guardian. 7 July 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  14. ^ "Greece elections: Centre-right regains power under Kyriakos Mitsotakis". BBC News. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  15. ^ "Can New Democracy be centrist?". ekathimerini.com. 12 May 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  16. ^ "Η ακροδεξιά στροφή της ΝΔ δεν είναι καθόλου τυχαία". www.news247.gr (in Greek). 18 September 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  17. ^ [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]
  18. ^ "Greece Just Elected the Most Right-Wing Parliament Since the Return to Democracy". jacobin.com. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  19. ^ Fallon, Katy. "'Very worrying': Three far-right parties enter Greek parliament". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  20. ^ Versendaal, Harry van (7 July 2023). "Old and new causes at play as far-right makes return in Greece | eKathimerini.com". www.ekathimerini.com. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  21. ^ "Greece braces for a new vote as conservative party to seek absolute majority". France 24. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  22. ^ "Greece's prime minister wins an election, but lacks a majority". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  23. ^ Ellis, Tom (12 May 2022). "Can New Democracy be centrist? | eKathimerini.com". www.ekathimerini.com. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  24. ^ "Greece: Leftist parties in crisis in run-up to election – DW – 06/21/2023". dw.com. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  25. ^ Robert Thomson (2011). Resolving Controversy in the European Union: Legislative Decision-Making before and after Enlargement. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-139-50517-8.
  26. ^ "Parties". Centrist Democrat International. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  27. ^ "Member parties". International Democracy Union. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  28. ^ Newsroom (21 October 2021). "Pierrakakis says aim is to digitize the entire state | eKathimerini.com". www.ekathimerini.com. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  29. ^ "Out of bailout spotlight, Greeks feeling recovery pains at election". AP News. 20 May 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  30. ^ "Greek election looks set to strengthen Mitsotakis' power". POLITICO. 23 June 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  31. ^ "IMF sees Greek economy growing by 2.5% this year, 2.0% in 2024". Reuters.
  32. ^ "Behind Greece's post-pandemic recovery, a crisis of poverty persists". Le Monde.fr. 20 May 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  33. ^ Newsroom (30 June 2023). "Greek unemployment rate drops to 10.8% in May, ELSTAT says | eKathimerini.com". www.ekathimerini.com. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  34. ^ Teperoglou, Eftichia; Tsatsanis, Emmanouil (3 April 2014). "Dealignment, De-legitimation and the Implosion of the Two-Party System in Greece: The Earthquake Election of 6 May 2012". Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. 24 (2): 222–242. doi:10.1080/17457289.2014.892495. ISSN 1745-7289.
  35. ^ Trantidis, Aris; Tsagkroni, Vasiliki (May 2017). "Clientelism and corruption: Institutional adaptation of state capture strategies in view of resource scarcity in Greece". The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 19 (2): 263–281. doi:10.1177/1369148117700658. ISSN 1369-1481.
  36. ^ Theocharis, Yannis; van Deth, Jan W. (2 January 2015). "A Modern Tragedy? Institutional Causes and Democratic Consequences of the Greek Crisis". Representation. 51 (1): 63–79. doi:10.1080/00344893.2015.1011464. ISSN 0034-4893.
  37. ^ Lyrintzis, Christos (March 2011). "Greek politics in the era of economic crisis: reassessing causes and effects". www.lse.ac.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  38. ^ Mitsopoulos, Michael; Pelagidis, Theodore (2011). "Understanding the Crisis in Greece". SpringerLink. doi:10.1057/9780230294752. ISBN 978-1-349-31518-5.
  39. ^ Kosmidis, Spyros (3 September 2014). "Government Constraints and Accountability: Economic Voting in Greece Before and During the IMF Intervention". West European Politics. 37 (5): 1136–1155. doi:10.1080/01402382.2014.916061. ISSN 0140-2382.
  40. ^ Danopoulos, Constantine P. (2015). "Accountability and the Quality of Democracy in Greece". Mediterranean Quarterly. 26 (4): 110–131. ISSN 1527-1935.
  41. ^ "Special Report: Greece's other debt problem". Reuters. 27 September 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  42. ^ Πουλής, Κωνσταντίνος (1 August 2023). "Στα 435 εκατ. ευρώ το χρέος της ΝΔ, 405 εκατ. χρωστάει το ΠΑΣΟΚ". The Press Project - Ειδήσεις, Αναλύσεις, Ραδιόφωνο, Τηλεόραση (in Greek). Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  43. ^ Hope, Kerin (30 March 2016). "Greece to probe debt racked up by former ruling parties". Financial Times. Retrieved 1 August 2023.

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